Fashion designs by Gabrielle Coco Chanel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Style structures by Gabrielle Coco Chanel - Essay Example The exposition Style plans by Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel dissects the job of Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel's design structure in the style history. She didn't stop there as she continued and manufactured a huge design house with branches across Europe, for instance, in Paris and London. Her prior vocation in material style was her boutique, where she could sell easygoing garments utilized during relaxation time or intended for brandishing exercises. She likewise sold sweaters and coats, which turned out to be well known the world over because of the creative beautiful highlights she thought of. During the twentieth century, social, social and chronicled occasions and practices had a great deal of effect on style and plan. The fashioners could without much of a stretch access the styles, wanted plans, and the necessary materials. The beneficial thing was that during the time, correspondence and travel across landmasses had been facilitated and one could traverse the m ainlands. Forms across numerous districts were structured in agreement to the convention and accepts, for instance in America during the early long stretches of republic. Individuals liked to uncover themselves through garments. These individuals grasped freedom and popular government; their method of articulation was through designs. As time advanced, ladies wanted attire that was less prohibitive, offered a ton of solace, and were sensible. It was during these snapshots of style structure transformation that Gabrielle Chanel Coco developed; her life is amusing in the manner in which she could live in a picture of herself. She changed her biography. gone through the vast majority of her time on earth ceaselessly changing her biography. She on occasion denied that she didn't have siblings and sisters. She lied about her dad and now and then claimed not to recall that anything about her customers. Her life was commonly an intriguing one. Her psyche was loaded with manufacture (Madsen 1990). Chanel’s structures spoke to the wants of ladies and mirrored the evolving lives. Her work was present day and her plans negated those of previous creators, who regularly looked for subjects of dreams. Hers were proposed for fervor. Before Chanel’s entrance into the style structure industry, there were others like Paul Poiret, whose plans had showed changes in the new century; his plans didn't grasp the advanced life, dissimilar to those of Chanel, who enhanced hers to fit an energetic life. Her plans esteemed solace and straightforwardness. The plans made for females could fittingly oblige their structure, since they were somewhere close to being tight and free (Koda 2005). Chanel’s products were like her dressing mode; she could wear what made her look keen and attire that carried upheaval to ladies wear. To depict, she could wear a skirt; a trim one and a coordinating coat that could stretch to the hip, had a scored neckline, and crushed marginally at her abdomen. It is exceptionally striking that her outfits were conspicuous similarly as her character might have been. Her quality in a creation was mysterious as she could support ticket deals. She realized well how to make her garments with adornments and scrapes, something that got splendid to the youthful age. She was on her style, novel from the past design originators. Chanel Coco was portrayed to be a sensible creator. In her initial structure life, she had chosen to be wearing pullover since it was modest. The means Chanel had taken were stunning; from a cap originator to clothing architect. She used to obtain her structure style from the men’s wear. Her methodology was basic; to configuration garments out of

Young Learners English Fingerplay Songs

Youthful Learner's English Fingerplay Songs Fingerplays - Learning Through MovementHere are various English fingerplay tunes which join developments of the hands and fingers with key jargon. The demonstration of singing and carrying on the fingers youngsters make both an active and melodic association with the new words, otherwise called aâ multiple insights approachâ to learning. Fingerplays are typically recited, albeit a few tunes additionally have developments which are in enclosures after each verbally expressed line. Three Little Monkeys Three Little Monkeys can have the same number of sections as you like toâ practice the numbers. Here are the last two refrains as models. Refrain 1 Three little monkeys hopping on the bed,â (tap three fingers on palm) One tumbled off and knock is head.â (one finger tumbles off, at that point hold head) Mom called the specialist and the specialist said:â (hold nonexistent phone to your ear) Not any more little monkeys bouncing on the bed.â (shake finger) Refrain 2 Two little monkeys hopping on the bed,â (tap three fingers on palm) One tumbled off and knock is head.â (one finger tumbles off, at that point hold head) Mom called the specialist and the specialist said:â (hold nonexistent phone to your ear) Not any more little monkeys hopping on the bed.â (shake finger) Little Bunny Foo-Foo Refrain 1 Little rabbit Foo-Foo jumping through the forestâ (raise your hand here and there as though bouncing along through the woodland) Gathering up the chipmunks and bopping them on the head.â (pound clench hand into palm) Down came the great pixie and she said:â (drop shaking hand from above to underneath) Little rabbit Foo-Foo, I dont need to see youâ (shake finger) Gathering up the chipmunks and bopping them on the headâ (raise your hand here and there as though jumping along through the woods) Sick give you three chances,â (raise three fingers) Furthermore, if youre not great, Ill transform you into a goon.â (raise two hands very high and shake them as though scared) Refrain 2 In this way, the following day...(repeat with the exception of the pixie Godmother says two possibilities) Section 3 Along these lines, the following day...(repeat with the exception of the pixie Godmother says one possibility) Last Moral The lesson of this story is: Hare today, Goon Tomorrow!(play on expressions of the regular saying: Here today, gone tomorrow) Applaud 1 Applaud, applaud, applaud as gradually as you can.â (clap your hands gradually) Applaud, applaud, applaud as fast as you can.â (clap your hands rapidly) 2 Shake, shake, shake your hands as gradually as you can.â (shake your hands gradually) Shake, shake, shake your hands as fast as you can.â (shake your hands rapidly) 3 Rub, rub, rub your hands as gradually as you can.â (rub your hands gradually) Rub, rub, rub your hands as fast as you can.â (rub your hands rapidly) 4 Move, move, roll your hands as gradually as you can.â (roll your hands gradually) Move, move, roll your hands as fast as you can.â (roll your hands rapidly) Tips for Teaching Fingerplay Songs Compose key jargon for every melody on the board. Practice every development, and check for understanding.Model the melody a couple of times yourself. Dont be shy!Have understudies contribute different developments to Clap Your HandsHave various understudies lead the class in the melodies once theyve took in the tunes by heart.Ask understudies to make their own songs.Use grammar chantsâ to assist understudies with learning straightforward punctuation structures.

Delayed-Onset PTSD Symptoms

Delayed-Onset PTSD Symptoms PTSD Print Delayed-Onset PTSD Symptoms By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 10, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children webphotographeer/Getty Images To be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), you have to experience a specific set of symptoms for at least one month following exposure to a traumatic event, but in some cases, people may experience delayed-onset PTSD. Delayed-onset PTSD is not frequently diagnosed, and there is not a great deal of research on this type. However, its occurrence has been observed and studied in some research, and it appears that almost a quarter of PTSD cases may be delayed onset.?? This research has produced some theories on what delayed-onset PTSD is and why it occurs. What Is Delayed-Onset PTSD? Delayed-onset PTSD describes a situation where a person does not develop a PTSD diagnosis until at least six months after a traumatic event.?? In some cases, the delayed onset of PTSD can be even longer. For example, some people may not begin to experience symptoms consistent with a PTSD diagnosis until years after the experience of a traumatic event. Delayed-onset PTSD of this type has mostly been observed among the elderly, who may develop PTSD stemming from a traumatic event that occurred when they were much younger.?? Causes The jury is still out with regard to why delayed-onset PTSD may occur. However, there is a small body of research that sheds some light on this condition. It appears that people who may be most at risk are those who are experiencing some symptoms of PTSD, but not enough to meet criteria for a PTSD diagnosis (referred to as subthreshold PTSD) after a traumatic event. The development of delayed-onset PTSD in the absence of any previous PTSD symptoms is very rare, and most cases of delayed-onset PTSD seem to reflect a worsening or re-occurrence of symptoms. Research also shows that the occurrence of additional life stressors or traumatic events may increase the likelihood that someone would develop a PTSD diagnosis in response to a prior traumatic event.?? The experience of additional trauma may tax ones ability to cope with a previous traumatic event, increasing the likelihood that existing subthreshold PTSD symptoms become more severe. For example, one study of World War II veterans found that many had a worsening of their PTSD symptoms or the development of delayed-onset PTSD much later in life.?? Almost half the veterans indicated that the worsening of their symptoms was triggered by major life changes, such as losing a job or a family member. Importance of Addressing PTSD Symptoms Early After a traumatic event, many people may begin to experience some symptoms of PTSD; for most, these symptoms may naturally lessen over time.?? However, for some, symptoms may persist. Even though symptoms may not be severe enough to meet criteria for a PTSD diagnosis, they can still interfere with your life. In addition, if they are not adequately addressed, they could increase your risk for delayed-onset PTSD. Given this, it is very important to take steps early on to cope with your PTSD symptoms. There are a number of healthy coping strategies. Most importantly, you want to be careful not to rely on coping strategies that are focused on the avoidance or suppression of PTSD symptoms, such as substance use.?? These strategies may help you initially escape your symptoms, but in the long run, they only cause your symptoms to persist and generally get worse. In addition, if you notice that you are continuing to experience symptoms from a traumatic event that happened some time ago, it may be worthwhile to talk to a mental health professional.?? You dont need a diagnosis of PTSD to benefit from PTSD treatments. Even if you dont meet the criteria for PTSD, PTSD-focused therapy may help resolve your symptoms, as well as provide you with some additional support and better coping strategies for future life stressors.?? If you are looking for treatment providers in your area, there are a number of helpful websites that can assist you in locating the right therapist for your needs.

B12 Construction Trading and Corporation Study on Quality...

A Live Case Analysis of B-12 Construction Trading Corporation Master of Business Management Graduate School of Business Holy Angel University Submitted by (Group 3): Catap, Rose Ann L. Dela Cruz, Odesa D. Lacson, Edward P. Puno, Carolyn M. Sinamban, Norman N. August 18, 2012 I. Company Background B-12 Construction Trading Corporation started in the construction and ready mix business in May 20, 2003 having a small number of technical personnel with extensive exposure in all the aspects of vertical and horizontal infrastructures particularly in horizontal construction, bridges and†¦show more content†¦Concrete is a basic construction material that is applied in construction all over the world. Every region has its specific requirements concerning the composition and characteristics of concrete. Ready mix concrete is produced at a ready mix concrete plant, loaded onto a ready mix concrete truck and delivered to client job-site. The ready mix concrete trucks do all the work of mixing the concrete thus basically need to do is place the concrete. Concrete in its simplest form is made of cement, sand, water and stone. Mixing these ingredients by hand or with a portable concrete mixer is very labor intense, time consuming, and produces a lower quality concrete when comp ared to ready mix concrete. Ready mixed concrete is ordered by the cubic yard or cubic meter. Most concrete trucks can haul 5-6 cubic yards of concrete. Ready-mix concrete is made using a mix design that weighs each ingredient precisely to achieve a very strong, durable concrete mix. ThereShow MoreRelatedPepsi Prospectus112807 Words   |  452 Pagesfor any loss arising from or in reliance in whole or in part on the contents of the prospectus. The offering information on this Web site is intended to be available only to Philippine and non-Philippine citizens residing in the Philippines or corporations or judicial entities organized and existing under Philippine law, and is not intended for distribution in the United States or to U.S. persons (as such term is defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the URead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pages and Hendricks, D. (2012), Dengue and health care access: the role of social determinants of health in dengue surveillance in Colombia. Global Health Promotion, 19(4): 45-50. Deguen, S., Sà ©gala, C., Pà ©drono, G. and Mesbah, M. (2012), A New Air Quality Perception Scale for Global Assessment of Air Pollution Health Effects. Risk Analysis, 32(12): 2043-2054. Hassoun, N. (2012), Global Health Impact: A Basis For Labeling And Licensing Campaigns?. Developing World Bioethics, 12:  121 134. Mackey,Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization

The Effects Of Artificial And On Medical Field - 998 Words

The readers have already understood whose life glory is this one. The person whose smile flood away the whole nation with utmost victory, yes, he’s our dedicated captain of Bangladesh team, Mashrafe Bin Mortaza. But, have we ever imagined, what pain lies beneath that smile? From 2002-2007, he had three operations in left knee, one operation in right knee, back stress fracture, shoulder problems, ankles damaged damaged ligaments twice. After then, till now, he has undergone four surgeries in his left knee three on his right†¦ Since ours is the age of advancement of science technology, tremendous development have taken place in medical field. A new addition to this is artificial organs of human body. This is a new hope to the persons who have the wish to lead a life not only for themselves but also for their family country. The artificial ligament is one of the recent addition to advanced medical. And this body part is an evolution in medical textile. Mostly, the sportsperson have to stop their glorious career when they receive injury in a vital part of their body, in knee portion. Now, question comes what is medical textile? And, nevertheless, what is artificial ligament? Medical Textile:- A general term which is used for variety of application in medical sector in addition of implantable applications. Medical textile is known as healthcare textile. It is one of the most expanding sectors of technical textile.For medical healthcare products,medical textile rangesShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence : The Science And The Future Utilization Of The Ai1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Paper gives a brief depiction of the Artificial Intelligence in the diverse fields and the future utilization of the AI which achieves the level of human knowledge in the propelled fields of the day by day attempt and how it suffocates us into its innovation are discussed in the paper. 1.INTRODUCTION: (J.Nilsson, 2008) It is seen that computerized reasoning is assuming an extraordinary part in the research of advanced science and operational research regions.In the future intelligent machinesRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : Robotic Surgery1202 Words   |  5 PagesArtificial intelligence is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, referred to as robotic surgery, and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. In aeronautics, NASA is implementing robotic surgery for astronauts inRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Ethical Issues1351 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology has become a significant part of society, specifically for the medical field. People in the past have expressed concerns about the security and safety of impl ementing artificial intelligence (AI) into the medical field. Artificial intelligence is a computer system with human capabilities, such as decision making. Research has shown that AI could increase the efficiency and quality of patient care in the medical field. AI could greatly improve efficiency by using software that can analyzeRead MoreThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care Medicine1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent relationship between medicine and technology itself has been developed that did not exist before. Modern healthcare relies heavily on the application of computer technology in furthering its advancement of bioinformatics, biotechnology, artificial organ technology, robotic surgery as well as the process of medical diagnostics. Medicine is the science of treatment andRead MoreA Research On Artificial Intelligence1338 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation, and act in a human-like way. Artificial Intelligence has many uses across many fields, especially in the field of Medicine. Early on in the field, many scientists and doctors believed that robots controlled by sophisticated AI would be able to surpass clinicians. â€Å"With such motivations, a small but talented community of computer scientists and healthcare professionals set about shaping a research program for a new discipline called Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM). These researchersRead MoreThe Decision For Life Of Terminally Ill889 Words   |  4 Pagesdisorders like MND, etc. Inventions in the medical and science field have found ways to prolong their death by medicines, sedatives and artificial respiration, etc. However, keeping them alive burdens economy, medical resources, finance and psychological state of the patient, his fam ily and ultimately the society (Virik, Glare Jones et al 2003). Hence, the decision for life of terminally-ill is the most critical issue of present times debated in the field of medicine. 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Since they have become so popular, they have been studied closely to see what the differences are betweenRead Morecivil war amputation essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War leads to advancement in amputation and quality of life for those who had amputation. Artificial limbs also came into the picture helping former soldiers lead a better quality life. New technologies lead to amputations being needed. New developments also lead to the possibility of survival for soldiers. New weapons developed during this time such as the minie ball that caused a shattering effect. Minie balls were made of soft lead and hollow at the base. The mine ball, when fired, would expand

What Determines Are Destiny Free Essays

It can be difficult to understand and realize what determines our destiny. There are Contradiction determining if our characteristics and behavior are primarily due to Genetics or the environment in which we live. Many factors and aspects of Lives influence us daily. We will write a custom essay sample on What Determines Are Destiny or any similar topic only for you Order Now These factors create different circumstances that lead us to determined our path. Dr. Judith Rich Harris states in the video that the similarity of children to their parents in personality, is entirely genetic†. In the video Dr.  Stanley Greenspan said that if parents feel they have no influence and everything is genetically determined, then they may not do what they need to do to help the babies be flexible, healthy and good capers. The video states that we are born with a set of genes that never change. When we are conceived, two sets of genes are joined into one. From that moment, DNA determines certain characteristics. We can now readily accept that genes determine our eye color, height, blood type, gender and other biological factors. But science has only begun to explore the role that genes play in human behavior. Some People believe that the power of genes, determines all consequence in our lives. But other people say that genes do not determine everything in a person life. There have been countless studies to find out if our destiny is written in our genes or determined by circumstance. Dr William R. Clark thinks that â€Å"Gene may well, determine how we behave in given situations. This way, the behavior can be caused from the Genes, and not by habits or education. Some features and of a person will never change, and other can be easily changed. The male speaker states that one of UCLA immunologist Dr.  William Clark says, that genes help to control how we interpret our environment. In many cases genes can be very useful and there can be a lot of similarities in gestures, talking etc. In many cases this similarities are done by children without knowing that their parents do these things the same way. It is the opinion of Dr. William R. Clark, â€Å"You’re dealt a particular hand of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters receptors and again together, with other things of course in your biology and in your history, it’s to play out differently in different people. As fact, everything is very ndividual. There are children that are not similar to their parents and very different in character and features. Let consider what Dr. Steven Pinker said , â€Å"There has to be some kind of innate circuitry in place that allows us to create culture and acquire culture and do the learning. It was suggested that they do not operate without some input. Dr William R. Clark thinks that what you choose to learn, how hard you try to learn, and what you do with what you learn, you do some input. The ability to modify our behavior is what allows us to overcome genetic predisposition. In opinion of Dr.  David Moore, different genes are turned on and off in different circumstances. Personally I agree with that and I think that sometimes people act not by the rules made up by society, but by the genetic rules. They do this unconsciously. Speaker also states that â€Å"those circumstances thought maybe very subtle. Consider identical twins born with the same DNA; though raised alike, Nancy and Jenna are quick to point out they are individuals. Jenna says that Nancy was always very pretty spirited, and that she was a little bit more responsible. For each person their individuality is very important. It means being different from each others, doing something special and something that will surprise others. All individual have different interested, characteristics, and skills. People use creativity, through knowledge and new ideas, and implement them in their daily lives. Many people appreciate changes, as they bring a lot of new things. New things always have the upper hand, always attracting people and keeping them motivated. According to Dr. Stanley Greenspan, â€Å"Proper upbringing will depend on lots of nurturing interactions in your all years of life. † Dr Steven Pinker thanks that â€Å"Parents aren’t the only aspects of the environment? There is also the surrounding culture. As a fact, some people believe that in reality, the strongest social influences exist outside the home. Dr. Judith Rich Harris presumes that â€Å"Children live in separate worlds and each world is very important, but there is very little carry over from one world to the other. And what is carried over is whatever is genetic. As stated by Dr. Judith Rich Harris, â€Å"we get our genes from our parents but are guided by our peer. Nature vs. nurture purists believe that we are either molded entirely by our surroundings or our genetic makeup. Personally I think that upbringing is extremely important, and it determines the future character of a person. The children of immigrants do not resemble their parents in the language they’re speaking even in their culture. They resemble the people they grew up with. In a recent study, all that Dr. Judith Rich Harris said was back-up. The greatest influence was found on weather teen drink or smoke, has to do if weather their friends do. External influence can make a great different, as everything depends on the company and friends, who surround the particular person. Dr Judith Rich Harris thinks that â€Å"as long as you are within the normal range of parenting, how your child turns out is not up to you is up to the child. All in all, children and their perception of the situations and the world as a whole determine their habits, their communications skills and abilities. The whole future depends on what child experiences, who he communicates with who these people are. As was stated by child psychiatrist Dr Stanley Greenspan, this attitude can create irresponsible parenting. We encourage parents to be either passive or hopeless or helpless in the phase of certain challenges that they were assumed are genetic. Consequently, the genes and environment are like a dance, working together to make as who we are. Dr Stanley Greenspan thinks that maybe the environment sets the constraints, just as much of genes do . Dr David S. Moore stated that â€Å"if you throw Einstein in a closet, when he’s a baby because he had some insane parent, he would not grow up to be smart, He would wind up like one of those tragic kids who get’s found in a closet. â€Å" To sum it up, it can be stated, that whether it’s parents, peers or genetic predisposition, it seems our destiny our destiny is determined by a blend of factors. Dr. Greenspan is convinced, that â€Å"nature is a lock and nurture has provided the key for that lock. † In the present, scientist continue to study the nature of our DNA and how it reacts to environment as they think they will gain better understanding of the diseases and behaviors that affect our lives. All in all, it is almost impossible to determine our destiny, as the influence on the person’s life is unpredictable and there are many possibilities to change everything and to make a choice. I think both sides of the issue are correct to varying degrees depending on the issue. Obviously we are not able to change our height, shoe size, or natural hair color, but if we are plagued with a trait that is not considered â€Å"normal† that we want to change and do so, by all means we should. I think that upbringing and behavior, and our belief determine our destiny. It comes down to what is in our entire character makeup, and our ability to overcome the negative influences of our environment and take steps to modify the glitches in our personalities. It can be said for sure, that education plays the most important part in a person’s life and it determines the future and success of a person. How to cite What Determines Are Destiny, Essay examples

NBA Lockout Essays - National Basketball Players Association

NBA Lockout The National Basketball Players Association lockout greatly affected the United States economy. Greedy team owners and greedy players fighting over large amounts of money caused the lockout. In March of 1998, team owners felt that they were paying players too much money, causing clubs to lose money, so they voted to reopen discussions on the collective bargaining agreement. The players on the other hand felt that any team financial problems were the owners doing, not how much money players were being paid. When the two sides could not settle their differences and the collective bargaining agreement expired, the owners decided to lockout the players until they reached an equal agreement. Lasting six months and into the NBA season, the lockout had a huge effect on those businesses or people associated with the games. First of all, since the games were not taking place this meant that employees were not able to work in the stadiums. Those employees who are usually hired to work the concession stands or sell food, drinks, and souvenirs around the stadium were out of work while the lockout persisted. Lack of work meant less income for the old stadium employees, thus lowering the demand for other goods that these people would normally buy. Lower incomes make people purchase fewer amounts of goods from stores, restaurants, and other recreational activities. In an article entitled "Playing With Fire: A NBA Lockout Could Leave Fans Out in the Cold," a Phoenix Suns fan, Phil Lester, discusses the NBA lockout and how much money he spends on game nights. Phil says that "he can easily spend between $50-$100 on a night when the Suns are in town, counting dinner before the game, then some snacks and a couple of adult beverages during it. And that doesn't include the money spent on the tickets." Without the NBA, the money usually spent by fans will go unspent, greatly affecting businesses, workers, and the economy as a whole. Restaurants near the basketball stadiums lost money because of the NBA lockout. Basketball fans eat or drink at restaurants and bars before and/or after games, but these fans were absent from the restaurants and bars because there were not any games to go watch. In an article entitled "Check, Please," John Donovan writes that when the Suns are playing at their home arena in Phoenix, people crowd the city. He says that on game nights an owner of a bar or restaurant, A.J. Sulka, can expect to serve at least 1000 people when on non-game nights, Sulka would serve 200 people. The NBA lockout would cause Sulka, and other restaurants and bars in town, to lose several thousands of dollars per game night. Fewer people to serve results in restaurant owners and employees having a lower income. Less food and drinks are demanded, which decreases owners profit and at the same time, waitresses are not needed to work as many hours and are not paid as much in tips. Lower incomes affect the economy as a whole because business owners and workers will spend less money on other goods and services. Lower incomes lower the demand for other goods and services and affect the businesses offering those "other" goods and services. Businesses rely on basketball games to bring them people who will buy goods and services from them. Although the lockout results in less income for businesses related to basketball, it does mean that fans who normally go to games and spend money will not be spending the money or would spend the money elsewhere. Basketball fans have more money to spend on other goods, services, or activities. For example, if a basketball fan could not go to a basketball game, they might decide to go to a movie instead. This would bring more business to the movie theater that would not exist if the NBA lockout were not taking place. Also, since basketball fans would not be spending money on a game, they might decide to spend the money at the grocery store and buy some extra snacks. This would bring greater amounts of income to the grocery store. The NBA lockout would then increase the demand for other goods, services, and activities, which would increase the income of non-related basketball businesses. Owners and players suffered from a lower income because of the lockout. Owners of teams have rent contracts with stadium owners that are paid in advance. The owners rent the stadiums the teams play in and even if there are no players, the rent is still paid by the