The Decision Of The Fourteenth Amendment On The Color Of...

having children attend school based on the color of their skin was unconstitutional and it damaged children, especially African American children. The Court concluded that it was in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to keep individuals separate based on the color of their skin. The decision in Brown was one of extreme importance and significance that could have represented a new start in the Supreme Court regarding civil rights cases. However, that was not the case, after Brown II the Supreme Court refused to hear a case that was on appeal: Naim v. Naim, Mr. Naim and Mrs. Naim one were white and the other was Chinese. The two individuals were residents of Virginia, where it was illegal for a white person to marry a person who was not white. The couple traveled to North Carolina to get married. After a while Mrs. Naim decided that the marriage wasn’t going to work so she sued her husband for an annulment claiming that their marriage was not valid because of the law in Virgi nia. Mr. Naim appealed to the Supreme Court and as the court was breaking down the segregation system they chose not to hear the case. â€Å"Naim v. Naim was an embarrassment only because it was out of the question, in 1955, that the Court upheld the constitutionality of a law prohibiting interracial marriage yet the constitutional object† . This again emphasizes the weight and importance of the framing of the Fourteenth Amendment. The framers chose the option that meant the Constitution could beShow MoreRelated Hate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision Essay example5764 Words   |  24 PagesHate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision The American Heritage Dictionary defines hate as intense dislike or animosity. However, defining hate as the basis for a crime is not as easy without possibly jeopardizing constitutional rights in the process. Hate crime laws generally add enhanced punishments to existing statues. A hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a hate crime differently from the way it would be treated under ordinary criminal

Only God has the right to interfere in our genes Free Essays

In this piece of coursework, I am going to write about Genetic engineering. I am going to discuss about the statement â€Å"Only God has the right to interfere with our genes†. I am going to Genes are made up of DNA. We will write a custom essay sample on Only God has the right to interfere in our genes or any similar topic only for you Order Now DNA is a substance which conveys messages through out the body. The message includes structure and functioning of cells. DNA is also known as chromosome (Many people are affected by genetics disease which may cause disability or early death). The genes are composed of DNA and are carried on the chromosomes. Genes direct the production of all the molecules that form the structures that of a cell. Genes determine the inherited characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. Each human has an estimated 90,000 genes. I think interfering with someone genes is totally wrong because its like deciding who will be what, like if doctors select someone as 99.99% footballer, then there will be no way he can beated by others. Some Muslims believe that Doctors are playing God because they are deciding our genes. They are deciding our colour, style, attitude etc. I think this is totally wrong because God made us and only he has the right to make changes in us. Allah Almighty says: (See ye not how Allah hath made serviceable unto you whatsoever is in the skies and whatsoever is in the earth and hath loaded you with His favors both without and within? Yet of mankind is he who disputeth concerning Allah, without knowledge or guidance or a Scripture giving light.) (Luqman 31: 20) which means doctors shouldn’t interfere with God decisions. Whereas Some Muslims would say it’s ok to interfere with genes to help someone because the Quran and hadith teach that Muslims should do all they can to cure disease? Discovering the genetic make-up of humans and using those discoveries to Improve human life is a part of what God wants humans to do as vice-gerents of his creation. It is no difference from researching into drugs which can be used to improve human life. There is a different between creating cells and creating people. Creating people by science rather than sex would be wrong. Because it would be taking over God’s role in the creation of life, but creating cells is working with God. Some Christians mainly liberal Protestants, believe that genetic engineering is a good thing which should be supported by churches because Jesus told people to cure the disease and they believe that Jesus was also a healer whereas Some Christian will disagree with their view because they believe that they believe that jesus was also a healer whereas, Some Christians will disagree with their view because they believe that there is a different between creating cells and creating people. Creating people by rather than sex would be wrong because it would be wrong because it would be taking over God’s role in the creation of life, but creating cells is working with God. Roman Catholics disagree with the use of embryos because they think life begins at the moment of conception whether in a womb or a glass dish. They believe killing an embryo is killing human is banned by the bible and the church. How to cite Only God has the right to interfere in our genes, Papers

Impact of Financial Crisis in Economies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) is the most significant worldwide economic catastrophe since the Great Depression of 1929, sub-prime mortgage crisis is an example of financial crisis that affected global financial market worldwide. Give some other examples of financial crisis in your discussion below. Discuss the possible causes of the financial crisis. Do you think GFC could be repeated again? Discuss. Explain the scale and impact of financial crisis in economies of different countries including your own country, identify some of proposed reforms. Answers: Introduction In the project Global financial crisis will be reviewed. The causes of global financial crisis will be identified. Impact of financial crisis on different countries will be examined to comprehend the severity of the Global financial crisis. Chances of occurrence of global financial crisis will be discussed. Lastly, proposed reforms for the global financial crisis will be explained. Global Financial Crisis The financial crisis has become the topic of interest for the general public, academics and policymakers. The huge interest was created in the crisis due to specific features (CiHak, 2009). The features of the global financial crisis were: Firstly, the crisis was not ordinary considering its geographical reach and scale. The shocks of the financial crisis were great since the crisis of 1929. It has virtually affected the economies of the world (Canstar, 2014). Secondly, the impact of crisis was witnessed in the advanced economies unlike the earlier financial crises which have impacted the emerging and developed countries. The empirical literature has focused on the crisis of emerging and developing countries. The literature related to the impact on developed and advanced countries is scarce. Lastly, the crisis was remarkable in terms of multiplicity and complexity of the contagion channel. The shock waves of financial crisis transmitted instantly from one country to another country, from one institution to another institution, and from one market to another market via channels that have been prominent a few years ago or did not exist. Earlier financial crisis were confined to the single economies only (CiHak, 2009). The financial crisis began in the year 2007 in the United States. It involved financial institutions of OECD countries. The Global Financial Crisis affected the financial system of the developed countries and the entire economy throughout the world. The impact on the other countries was evidenced when the financial crisis turned into the recession. The indirect effects on the developing countries were reported to be as severe as the direct effects were on the developed countries. After the Second World War, first recession was evidenced. The recession led to the reduction of world gross domestic product in the year 2009. In the year 2009, the GDP growth was reported to be lower by 5.8 percent in comparison to previous year 2007. The downturn was found to be same in the developing as well as in emerging countries. There was drastic fall in the GDP of countries constituting the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The GDP growth rate in CIS and CEE countries fall by 15.2 percent during the two year i.e. from 2007 to 2009. The figures in sub Sharan Africa and Lain America were 4.8 percent and 7.6 percent respectively. The countries having large current account surpluses or deficit and those having large fiscal deficit before the crisis were suffering chronic output losses in comparison to other countries. It was due to their condition becoming worse after the GFC. Growth rates in Asia plummeted by 4 percentage points during the year 2007 and 2009 (Dullien et al., 2010). Causes of Financial Crisis The global financial crisis is supposed to be impacting the low income countries (LIC) specifically in the Sub Sharan Africa. Urgent actions were required to be taken by the international community and LIC policymakers. The crisis was projected to augment the financial needs of the LICs in the year 2009 by at least US $25 billion. 26 LICs were found to be vulnerable due to the unfolding of crisis (CiHak, 2009). The major cause of global financial crisis that took place in September 2008 was because of the collapse of Lehman Brother. The banks stopped lending to each other virtually. The risk premium on the banks is witnessed to rise sharply to approx. 5 percent. Steps were taken by the authorities to infuse the liquidity in the market, but the damage was already done. The risk premium on the corporate bonds was even more to over 6 percent. Borrowing in the corporate sectors came to an end and large projects were discontinued, demand was falling specifically for the investment goods and for manufacturing products (McKibbin Stoeckel, 2009). Major causes of the financial crisis are as follows: Banks creating money from loans Whenever bank makes loan, the new money is created. Banks have created the massive sum of money by making loans in the markets. This way, banks ended up making more money in the market by loans. The money has increased the levels of debts on the people taking loan within the period of 7 years (ILO, 2011). Figure 1: Figure showing increasing debt in economy Source (Positive Money, 2016) It is evidenced from the figure 1 that money created by the banks has reached to 2213 billion Euros. There is increase in the debt with the increase in money made from loans. The total cash in 2014 was 67 billion euros which is less in comparison to the money created by banks (Positive Money, 2016). Use of money for pushing up house prices and speculating of financial markets Very small chunk of the trillion pounds went to business which was created during 2000 to 2007. The part of money used outside the financial sector was: House prices increased as 31 percent of money went to the residential property making house prices dearer than the wages. Office buildings and other business properties coming under commercial real estate have taken 20 percent Almost 32 percent was infused in the financial sector. These were the same financial market in which implosion took place during the crisis 8 percent of all the money was infused to businesses outside the financial factor Another 8 percent was utilized into personal loans and credit cards (Dullien et al., 2010) Figure 2: showing use of banks money (Positive Money, 2016) Debts became unpayable Practice of lending large sums of money into the property market spurs the prices of house. In addition to that, the increase is evidenced in the level of personal debt. Interest is charged on the amount of loan by the banks. Debts were more than the income of the people and they became unable to pay the debts. At this point, the banks stand at the verge of going to bankruptcy and people stop repaying their loans (IMF, 2009). These were some of the causes of the global financial crisis. Post the crisis banks became hesitate in lending their money to the households and businesses. The slowdown in the lending caused decrease in the prices of market. It indicated that those who have borrowed much in a bid to speculate on the higher prices will have to sell their assets for repaying the loans. Prices of houses plummeted and bubbles burst. Banks panicked with the scenario and slashed down the lending even further. Banks repay only when they are confident that the amount will be repaid. Since, banks were not sure that the amount will be repaid and so they confined their lending (Alcorta Nixson, 2011). Chances of Repetition of GFC Again The global financial crisis shook the world in 2007. The volatility of the market has been overcome and markets have become relatively stable (The Hindu, 2014). Major economies of the world are reporting positive growth rates in country. The probability of not encountering such a financial global crisis is just 13 percent as per the reports (Rimkus, 2015). The financial crisis can happen again but the structural reforms taken at that time can mitigate the damage. If financial crisis will take place in future again, central banks and government have to take remedial measures (Belvedere, 2015). Scale and Impact of Financial Crisis The crisis has been able to produce various impacts which are different in nature around the world. There are negative effects which are being reported across developing countries and these countries are victimized by financial crisis. Some of the problems which are noted by the dignitaries of United Nations are as follows: The rate of unemployment is increasing as the statistics in 2009 said that 50 million jobs were lost due to the international labor organization. There is more poverty and hunger in these developing countries. Retardation of the economic growth has been noted in these countries which have resulted into economic contraction. Negative impact on the balance of payments and trade balances has been seen. Fluctuating level of foreign investments have been noticed due to the crisis. Movements in exchange rates are volatile and large (Abreu et al., 2009). Budget deficits are increasing, tax revenues are depleting, the fiscal space has been reduced. A contraction has been experienced in the world trade rates. The volatility in the market has been increased and the prices of primary commodities have been decreased. Remittances have declined in terms for developing countries. The tourism revenues have been decreased to a depressing extent. The flow of private capital has been reversed (Mshana, 2009). The access to trade financing and credit system has decreased in the market. The public have lost confidence on the institutions of finance. Moreover, these conditions have raised a situation where basic needs of the public like health and education cannot be properly satisfied. Thus, there has been an increase in the mortality rate for infants and pregnant women. The housing sector has been collapsed and the debt levels of the man living in these countries are more than 150% of the GDP of the country. The situation has been calculated by the United Nations and an estimate of 2.6 percent fall in gross product is about to happen and it will be the first decline of gross product after the Second World War. Further, the crisis would have a great impact on the human development and other developments as well (UN, 2016). The debts have risen and millions of people across the globe are losing their livelihood such as their jobs, homes and income. There has been estimation from the world that nearly 50 million of the world population has lost their job and their livelihood and have been put into extreme poverty. Children and wom en are the major victims of this condition. The United Nations have figured out that this condition will cause a rise of an unnourished generation which will reach the historic count of nearly a billion. There would be more impact on the developing countries due to the crisis when compared to developed countries. The sad fact is that the countries who are suffering the most of the effect have not contributed to this condition. According to Martin Khor, 6 percent of the national income of a developing nation would be lost and there would be significant fall in the economy of those countries during financial crisis (Europe Commission, 2014). Proposed Reforms There are different alternate solutions which are being proposed by the wealthy nations such as the G20, United Nations, and civil society. The conference at the United Nations on June 2009 stated many proposals in which the G20 nations came up with a stimulus package and a proposal. The significance of the initiative taken by the United Nations is that it forced the participation of all the countries of the world in regards to the crisis in economy. The proposals are based upon the economic crisis and the way it is being used for. For example, the transformative proposals denote or address the aspects of structure related to crisis. The short term fixes in the crisis will be called as reformative proposals. The role of proposals is to have a substantial effect on the causes of crisis and it will concentrate on the requirement of a radical transformation in the financial architecture of the world with the help of other countries (EC, 2009). Conclusion The aim of the project will be to discuss about the chronicity of global financial crisis. Massive waves have been created by the recent financial crisis in the papers, books and articles. Many documents have been published by the central banks and other financial institutions demonstrating the policy response and turmoil in the world. The main causes identified are lending money by the bank and not getting the repayments. References Abreu, M.d.P. et al., 2009. The Effect of the World Financial Crisis on Developing Countries: An Initial Assessment. CIGI. Alcorta, L. Nixson, F., 2011. The Global Financial Crisis and the Developing World: Impact on and Implications for the Manufacturing Sector. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Belvedere, M.J., 2015. Crisis will happen again, but not like 2008: Geithner. CNBC. Canstar, 2014. What caused it and how the world responded. Canstar. CiHak, M., 2009. Financial Crisis. Journal of Economics and Finance, 59(6), pp.502-07. Dullien, S., Kotte, D.J., Mrquez, A. Priewe, J., 2010. The Global and Financial Economic Crisis of 2008-2009 in developing countries. United Nations. EC, 2009. Impact of the current economic and financial crisis on potential output. European Commission. Europe Commission, 2014. Financial crisis: causes, policy esponses, future challenges. Europe Commission. ILO, 2011. The global crisis Causes, responses and Challenge. International Labour Organization. IMF, 2009. The Implications of the Global Financial Crisis for Low-Income Countries. International Monetary Fund. McKibbin, W.J. Stoeckel, A., 2009. The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Consequences. Austrailian National University. Mshana, R.R., 2009. The Current Economic Crisis, its causes, its impact and possible alternatives. WCC. Positive Money, 2016. Financial Crisis Recessions. Positive Money. Rimkus, R., 2015. Are We Headed for Another Global Financial Crisis?. Enterprising Investor. The Hindu, 2014. Raghuram Rajan warns of another global financial crisis. The Hindu. UN, 2016. The effect of the financial crisis on the third world. United Nations.

Maus by Art Spiegelman

There are many biographies and autobiographies that reveal the cruelty of the Holocaust and its destructive impact on a person. Art Spiegelman’s comic book Maus is probably the most unusual memoir that depicts the life of a person under the Nazi regime.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maus by Art Spiegelman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author describes the life of his father Vladek Spiegelman before the Nazi occupation of Poland, during the Second World War, and the later influence of the Holocaust experiences on his personality. To some degree, this book is based on Vladek’s recollection and it can be used as a primary source for historians who study the Holocaust even despite that it is a graphic novel. Maus can be studied by historians because it eloquently demonstrates the cruelty and absurdity of racial ideology as well as its dehumanizing effects on a person. As a primary historical so urce this graphic book can be criticized for its use of animal images. For instance, Art Spiegelman depicts Jews as mice whereas Germans are portrayed as cats. Thus, one can argue that this book can be related to the Holocaust, but it lacks realism and objectivity that are necessary for a historical document. Nevertheless, this argument can be disputed. The use of animal images reflects the racial ideology of the Nazi Germany. By dividing people according to their racial or ethnic differences, this ideology forced people to be hostile to one another. To a great extent, they began to act as cats and mice. Moreover, ethnicity or race became the distinctive characteristic of a person. His or her individuality was completely disregarded by the regime. It should be noted that Art Spiegelman’s visual characters can be distinguished from one another only by their clothes. Overall, members of the same ethnic group look practically in the same way. This description reflects the princi ples of the Nazi ideology that emphasized nationality of a person, rather than his or her character traits. Despite animalistic descriptions, Art Spiegelman manages to render the horrors of the Holocaust, and its dehumanizing effects on people. The author shows how characters struggled to survive the Ghetto or in the concentration camps. This graphic book shows how people hid or foraged for food in order to sustain themselves in any way.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By showing their attempts to survive, Art Spiegelman demonstrates that people can be forced to behave like animals, especially when they are driven by fear. Additionally, by describing German atrocities aimed against the Jews, the author prompts people to think about cat-and-mouse play. For instance, Vladek recollects that his father was forced to cut off his beard by German soldiers (Spiegelman, 65). One shou ld bear in mind that there were many Nazis who chose to entertain themselves in such a cruel way. Again, this humiliation of a person resembles cat-and mouse game. Thus, readers can see that animalistic description of characters actually reflects the changes in their personality and the way in which their experiences dehumanized them. In the first chapters of the book, Art Spiegelman shows how Polish Jews perceived the danger coming from Nazis. In particular, one can mention their apprehension after seeing the Nazi flag and surfacing of different stories about the atrocities committed against the Jews (Spiegelman, 32). However, at the beginning, these stories were met with some disbelief. For instance, Vladek decides that his family should stay in Bielso, even though it was under the rule of the occupiers. Again, this decision was taken not only by Vladek but by many other people who believed that such cruelty could not be possible. Finally, this book demonstrates that the experienc es of the Holocaust did not fully end after the fall of the Nazi Germany. This event left many people crippled both physically and emotionally. Vladek, who survived the Holocaust, turned into a very callous person. For instance, he is unable to understand why his wide committed suicide or how to comfort his son who suffered from the loss of his mother. The main issue is that this lack of empathy can be the direct result of Vladek’s experiences in ghetto or in the camp. Most importantly, such psychological traumas could have been inflicted upon thousands of people. Overall, there are different in which one can approach this book. One can certainly regard it as an artistic or literary work that gives one of the most terrifying descriptions of the Holocaust. It produces a strong impression on the person by combining such media as text and image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maus by Art Spiegelman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, it also poses many thought-provoking questions, especially about the reasons that made ordinary people to commit atrocities against everyone whom they believed to be different. Yet, historians can also find it useful because from it they can learn more about the experiences of Jewish people, their perceptions of the Holocaust, and their attempts to survive. One should not assume that Maus is superior or inferior to other biographies and autobiographies written about the Holocaust. Its major difference is the choice of media and the use of symbols that have to be decoded by attentive viewers and readers. Works Cited Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus: A Survivor’s Tale. New York: Pantheon, 1996. Print. This essay on Maus by Art Spiegelman was written and submitted by user Zaniyah Campbell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mexican American War Essay

Mexican American War Essay Mexican American War Essay Jessie Moore May 31, 2014 Group F Was The United States Justified in Going to War with Mexico? Was the United States justified in going to war with Mexico? Or in other words were the reasons we decided to go into war with Mexico based on pure fact and out of good for both countries? No, the United States was wrong to go to war with Mexico. We provoked and disrespected them, and we were nothing but greedy ourselves. There are many articles to back up these statements that I will be going into. â€Å"On April 24th a party of sixty ­three men and officers were dispatched from the American camp up to the Rio Del Norte, on its North bank, to ascertain whether the Mexican troops had crossed, or were preparing to cross the river. They were engaged with a larger body of these Mexican troops, and, after a short while, some sixteen Americans were killed and wounded.† (Document B, War Message of President James K. Polk.) The U.S. tried to put all the blame on Mexico for the attack. What really happened is stated by Jesus Velasco ­Marquez in â€Å"A Mexican Viewport on the War With the United States.† (Document C.) To start it off, related to the annexation of Texas by the United States, it says the Mexican government felt it was inadmissible for both legal and security reasons. And what really happened the day of April 24th (in the eyes of the Mexican government) was that the mobilization of the US army at the Rio Grande across from the city of Matamoros was an outright attack on Mexico. Feeling threatened, the Mexican government reaffirmed the instruction to protect the border by sending troops out to Jessie Moore May 31, 2014 Group F do just that, protect. This goes to show the true details of that day, not just the parts the U.S. highlighted to make themselves seem like the victim. After achieving independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico made slavery illegal. During this time, citizens of the United States began moving to Texas , with the idea being that the â€Å"extensive province ought to become a part of the United Sates,† (Document D.) â€Å"A current of emigration soon followed from the United States. Slaveholders crossed the river between Louisiana and Texas with their slaves, in defiance of the Mexican ordinance of freedom. Restless spirits, discontentented at home†¦ joined them†¦ The work of rebellion spread.†  ­Charles Sumner, â€Å"Objections to the Mexican ­American War.† Even though Americans who live in the United States are used

Synonyms for Petit, Small, and Short in French

Synonyms for Petit, Small, and Short in French If you want to learn to speak French more skillfully, start with vocabulary. In French classes, you tend to learn the most common, basic terms. The adjective petit is one example of a very common French word that can be replaced by any number of synonyms. Learn some different ways to say small and short, and note the different nuances. Click on each word to hear it pronounced. Small or Short in French Petit means small or short, depending on how its used and the words that are used with it. Jai besoin dun petit carton.I need a small box. Elle est assez petite.She is fairly short. Petit can also be modified by tout to emphasize the smallness: Il y a un tout petit problà ¨me.Theres a tiny problem. Synonyms for Petit Court means short or brief. Vous devriez à ©crire une introduction courte.You should write a short introduction. Il a la mà ©moire courte.He has a short memory. Étriquà © means narrow or tight. Cà ©tait une victoire à ©triquà ©e.It was a narrow victory. Ton pantalon a lair dà ªtre assez à ©triquà ©.Your pants look pretty tight. Faible means weak or small. Nous navons quune faible quantità © de rà ©serves.We have only a few supplies. Fin means fine or thin. Jaimerais une fine tranche de gà ¢teau.Id like a thin slice of cake. Infime means tiny or miniscule. Il a gagnà © dune majorità © infime.He won by a tiny majority. Là ©ger means light, slight, or minor. Cest une blessure là ©gà ¨re.Its a minor wound. Maigre means meager or slight. ï » ¿Son revenu maigre nest pas suffisant.His meager income is insufficient. Microscopique means microscopic. Les microbes sont microscopiques.Germs are microscopic. Mince means thin, meager, or slender. Nous avons une mince chance de succà ¨s.We have a slender chance of success. Minuscule means miniscule or tiny. Je dà ©teste ces minuscules fenà ªtres dans les salles de bains.I hate those minuscule windows in bathrooms. Modeste means small or modest. Cest un appartement modeste.Its a modest apartment. Nà ©gligeable means negligible or trivial. Jignore les dà ©tails nà ©gligeables.I dont know about the trivial details. Peu is an adverb that means little or not much. Elle parle peu.She speaks little (she doesnt talk very much). Rà ©duit means small. Un nombre rà ©duit de nos à ©tudiants.A small number of our students.

Summary and implications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and implications - Essay Example Expected sales for Eliquis for 2012 is projected to reach $395 million (Loftus , par 2). Because of the delay in the decision of the FDA, Bristol-Myers and Pfizer might experience a decline in their sales projections which might also affect its stock prices which have gone up in the past few days at the New York Stock Exchange. The FDA justified their move by stating that the additional data submitted needs more time to review (Loftus , par 6). The original date for the decision should have been March 28 (Loftus , par 11). Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and Johnson & Johnson, other manufacturers of new anticlotting drugs, may consider this a favorable development because it gives them time to establish their products in the market while the competition is not yet there. This means that the company may have to adjust their sales projections because it will mean a decline in their projected sales. If the launch of the product will be delayed by three months, it means that whatever projected sales for those three months will not be realized. The delay in the decision on Eliquis is good news for Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and Johnson & Johnson. They can launch a more aggressive marketing strategy for their anticlotting drugs so that when the time comes that the FDA approves Eliquis, they have already saturated the market and may have gained loyal customers already. For the pharmaceutical industry, this should be perceived as a caveat in submitting drugs for approval of the FDA. They should make sure that all data that they submit are complete so that there will be no need for amendments later on. It will also serve as a warning to other pharmaceutical companies who intend to manufacture new anticlotting drugs that the FDA is very much concerned about bleeding risks for all patient types. In one’s opinion, the move of the FDA to delay the decision on Eliquis is good because it shows that it is concerned about the effects of the drug

A Very Long Engagement by Jean-Pierre Jeunet Movie Review

A Very Long Engagement by Jean-Pierre Jeunet - Movie Review Example A Very Long Engagement is a French romantic war film and the series of awards and accolades that greeted this film makes people that have not watched the film have the feeling that they have missed a lot. The film was the fictional storyline that was based on the experience of some individuals in the concluding stages of the First World War. The film is a must watch for everybody that loves romantic films with a spice of war scenes in it. As earlier said the film won several awards and was nominated for awards in different categories. The film won about eight awards and was nominated (but did not win) about twelve times. The nomination and the awards that the film won show the film’s quality. A Very Long Engagement is based on a novel written by Sebastien Japrisot in 1991 with the same title and it brings the details of this novel back to life. The film chronicles the search of a young woman named Mathilde Donnay (Audrey Tautou) for her fiance, Manech Langonnet (Gaspard Ulliel ). Manech was one of the soldiers that took part in the First World War. Mathilde was aware that Manech could have been killed during the battle of the Somme during the First World War, but the fact that she still had hope that he was still alive showed the kind of affection that Mathilde had for Manech and this is just one of the ways that the producers of this great film brought the romantic details of the First World War back to life.

Television Families Communication Essay Example for Free

Television Families Communication Essay Many television shows portray the lives of typical American families; both African American and European American. I have chosen to compare and contrast two television shows: Family Matters and Home Improvement. The two shows are surprisingly similar in many aspects, but there are a few differences in the communication styles and other aspects of the two families. Communication theories can be used to help show and analyze the communication between each family. These theories include interactional, dialectics, speech community, and cultivation. Do prime time television shows really represent and portray the differences and stereotypes between African American and European American families? Family Matters first aired on ABC in 1989 and lasted until 1998. There are 215 episodes that tell the story of the middle-class Winslow family from Chicago. The show focuses on Carl, a police officer and his family: Harriet, Eddie, Laura, and Judy. Harriet is Carl’s wife. Eddie is their eldest child, Laura is the oldest daughter, and Judy is the youngest of the three. Also living in the Winslow household is Harriet’s newly widowed sister, Rachel, and her child, Richie. In the â€Å"Pilot† episode Carl’s mother, Estelle, also moves into the house. The Winslow’s have a stereotypical nerd next door neighbor, Steve Urkel, who is constantly causing mischief. He is introduced midway through the first season and quickly becomes a favorite main character for many. The shows’ episodes usually involve a minor problem or conflict, but by the end of the 30 minute episode it has been resolved and everything is alright again. In the very first episode we meet Carl and his family. They are African American, but they appear very normal and much like a European American family. The first main problem in the episode is that Carl does not want his mother to move in even though Harriet has already told Estelle she can. Carl is torn between wanting to keep his mother out of his home life and wanting to make her happy and let her move in. This is an example of integration versus separation from dialectical theory. Carl knows that his mother will want to control his life – setting him up on a diet, telling him how to discipline his children, always wanting the final say. He does not want to have to allow her into the house 24/7 because she will cause a major change in the household. Despite his attempts to convince Harriet to change her mind about Estelle moving in, Estelle moves in. Carl was right, â€Å"Mother Winslow,† does start to try and control the rest of the Winslow’s lives. Carl begins to feel that his role as head of the house is being compromised by having his mother living in the house. After a few days Harriet convinces Carl to talk to his mother about how he is feeling. In the end Carl and his mother talk and agree to compromise and give each other more space. In dialectical theory this is known as a responding to the dialectic with neutralization, which is a compromise that meets both needs somewhat, but neither is fully met (Wood, 2004). Another example of opposing tensions in Family Matters happens in episode four, â€Å"Rachel’s First Date. † Rachel’s husband has been dead for about a year and she has avoided dating during that time, but recently a man from the church choir, Alan, has been calling to ask her out. Finally, she agrees to go to dinner and a movie with him at the end of the week. When the day rolls around she is found in her room trying on nearly every dress in her closet. Harriet comes to console her and help, but Rachel is adamant about not going on the date anymore. Mother Winslow shoos everyone out of the bedroom except for Rachel and sits her down. The two women have an emotional talk about how Rachel feels guilty for going on a date with another man. She says that she was so comfortable with her past husband that she can’t imagine even being happy with another man. She experiences the opposing tensions known as stability versus change. Rachel loved the familiarity and constancy that she had with her past husband, but now that he has been dead for a year, she is having feelings of wanting stimulating change and dating other men. The problem is solved by Mother Winslow convincing Rachel that her husband would have wanted her to be happy and that she is not hurting him by going on a date. This is response to the dialect is known as separation, which attempts to meet both contradictory needs by satisfying each one in separate situations or spheres or relational life (Wood, 2004). Eddie is the typical teenage son. He is constantly trying to fit in with his friends, go out to parties, and bend his parents’ rules as much as he can. In the second episode Eddie tries to convince Carl that he just has to have a this new pair of shoes that everyone at school has, Carl of course says that they’re too expensive (â€Å"Two Income Familyâ€Å"). Eddie tries to sway his Dads decision by cleaning the car, doing the laundry, and being extra nice; it doesn’t work. In the meantime we find out that Harriet has just lost her job and that the family is having financial troubles. Eddie again asks Carl for the money, this time Carl tells Eddie he will have to work for the money himself. Eddie ends up making the seventy dollars needed for the shoes, but when he finds out that the family is in money trouble he gives the money to his parents instead of spending it on himself. In symbolic interactionism theory this would be considered an example of the I and ME. The I is the impulsive side of people that is â€Å"generally unburdened by social rules and restrictions† (Wood, 2004 p. 91). This is Eddie wanting the shoes for him and thinking he must have them. The ME is â€Å"†¦evaluative, and above all aware of social conventions, rules, and expectations† (Wood, 2004 p. 92). This is Eddie realizing that he does not actually need to shoes and should give the money to help his family. The I and ME are seen as complementary, you can’t have one without the other. Eddie deals a lot with balancing between the two self’s throughout the series. Family Matters tried to portray the average African American family in the 90s. Minority families are struggling to for representation and positive portrayals. Family Matters showed a happy, though sometimes dysfunctional, family learning good family values. The show portrayed African Americans as average, normal, not any different from European Americans. A question that could be asked though is how did the producers of the show find out what a â€Å"typical African American family† was? Home Improvement first aired on ABC in 1991 and lasted until 1999. The show focuses on the European American Taylor family from Detroit, Michigan: Tim, Jill, Brad, Randy, and Mark. Tim, the father and husband, is the stereotypical American; he loves power tools, cars, and sports. He hosts his own home improvement show called â€Å"Tool Time. Jill, the mother and wife, is the typical mom, always taking care of the family and being the voice of reason. Brad, the eldest son, and Randy, the middle son, love to gang up and pick on the youngest son, Mark. Together the five Taylor’s make up a comical and loving family. â€Å"Tool Time† is a show that involves Tim doing demonstration of tools and offering ways that people can improve their homes. Tim is always getting into accidents on the show, but the audience just believes that they are done on purpose to show that you must be careful when handling the tools and equipment. Tim is always using terms and words that describe and explain the tools. Every tool has its’ own special name and use that it seems that only a group of people actually interested in tools would know. In the second episode Jill is making fun of Tim for being so attached to his tools and how each tool has its’ own place in the garage (â€Å"Mow Better Bluesâ€Å"). Tim tries to explain to Jill that his tools are like her record collection; they are very important and special to him and have sentimental meaning. Jill can somewhat relate, but she still thinks that Tim is too into his tools. This idea of having only a group of people understand the terms and the rules of something is part of the speech communities theory. Tim has his own â€Å"speech code† that he using to communicate with other people that are just as interested in tools and home improvement (Wood, 2004). People on the outside, like Jill, are not able to fully understand. In the first episode of Home Improvement Tim goes through a phase where he believes he needs to reclaim â€Å"the male spirit† (â€Å"Pilot†). To do this he enlists his youngest son, Mark, to help him improve the dishwasher. Mark is the youngest of the boys and is often picked on by his two older brothers, because of this Tim and Jill often have to console and cheer up Mark. Tim has been helping Mark become â€Å"more manly† since he was little; he teaches him how to use tools, fix home appliances, and always telling him he’s smart and funny. Mark has been brought up to believe that even though his two older brothers pick on him consistently he is â€Å"better than them† because he is smart and funny and not always creating mischief. He is defined as being a â€Å"momma’s boy† and his brothers use every excuse to make fun of him for it. The is Mark’s self, which comes from the theory of symbolic interactionism. A persons’ self â€Å"doesn’t exist at birth. †¦self is developed through interaction with others† (Wood, 2004 p. 91). Mark is easily shaped by the influences of his brothers and parents, making him into the person he has become. Both of these television shows offer many of the same characteristics. They both highlight family values and open communication between each other. They both mainly take place in the household and try to portray a realistic family. They both are made mainly for white audiences. How television portrays family is important because watching television is a source for learning about family. Television has cultivated our attitudes about what families should be like. According to these two television shows families should consists of a working father, a part-time working mother, three to four siblings that fight, but are always there for each other, and a nice house. There are problems within the family everyday, but by the end of the day the problems have been communicated, solved, and end in a family hug. People who watch these shows continuously can begin to believe that this is what real families are really like. The two families in these shows are not 100% perfect, but they come close. They are not a misrepresentation of what a family is like, but they do represent what the most idealistic version is like. Television represents the interaction between families, between spouses, between parents and children, and between siblings. In some shows people are able to directly relate to the situation shown, this is called resonance (Wood, 2004). I am able to directly relate to Home Improvement and Tim Taylor as a father because that is exactly what my father is like. I grew up learning how to use every tool in the garage and was always involved in the next â€Å"home project† my father decided to start that weekend. I have huge resonance with this show because of my own personal experiences. Relationships shown in the two shows are very similar. The husband and wife relationship and role are very similar between Tim and Jill and Carl and Harriet. Both the husbands are the main supporters and workers of the family whereas the wives are in charge of the households. In the two shows the spouses both playfully fight and make fun of each other consistently. Harriet does have a job and she is very persistent in keeping her job; she likes being able to help support the family financially. Jill stopped working when her children were born, but in the first episode she has an interview for a job. She tells Tim that she wants to be able to have a life outside of the house and her independence. Unfortunately she does not get the job. In both of the shows the wives are the â€Å"glue† that hold the family together and the husbands are responsible for fixing things, whether it’s an appliance or an argument. Ultimately the wives have the final say in everything; which is fairly congruent within relationships of real spouses. The relationship between father and their children in the two shows in different. In Family Matters Carl is often scolding his children for being too loud, asking for too much, and for being messy. He often gets into arguments with his son, Eddie, because he has strict rules set for his children. It is obvious he loves his children, but he does not try to directly relate with them and do activities with them. This could be because he has two daughters and does not know how to interact with them. In Home Improvement Tim is always interacting with his children. He often asks for their help in fixing various things in the house. He relates most closely with Brad, the oldest son, because Brad is the most interested in sports and cars. Overall he works very hard to maintain good, close relationships with his three sons. The relationships between mother and children are similar in the two shows. Harriet is very aware of her children and their problems and is always willing to listen and help. Harriet can be a bit overbearing on her children and towards her sister, Rachel, but she always means well. Jill is a very motherly figure and comes from a military family. She uses her tough upbringing to often solve problems that arise between her sons. She is the only women in the family and it is apparent she is sometimes sad she doesn’t have a daughter to share those experiences with. She is closet to Mark because he is able to like some of the things that she does, instead of just being a predictable boy. Both mothers are very affectionate with their children, hugging them and kissing their foreheads. They are also very firm with them and try to teach them valuable lessons when needed. The relationship between siblings is also comparable in the shows. In both shows there are three siblings. In Family Matters there is the one boy and two girls. The two girls appear to be very close even though they are often arguing and fighting over who should be allowed to do what. Laura, the oldest daughter, loves her sister very much. In the fourth episode she tells Rachel, her aunt, that even though she may argue with her sister she would do anything for her. Eddie, the oldest of the three, does not appear to be very close with his sisters; this could be because of the age difference. In Home Improvement the relationship between the three boys is very close. The two oldest boys are seen hanging out together all the time, though it is often because they are into some type of trouble making. They enjoy playing pranks and picking on Mark. Mark is sometimes included in the older boys trouble making but often times he ruins it by messing up the plan. The three boys are able to have fun together seeing as they are all fairly close in age and can usually find at least one thing in common. There is a major difference in the households between Family Matters and Home Improvement. In Family Matters it is not just the nuclear family living in the household, the grandma, aunt and nephew also live in the house. This is probably where we see the biggest racial stereotype; African Americans are often known for having multiple family members living in their household. Estelle has a very stereotypical grandmother role, she is wise and very defensive of her grandchildren. Rachel is often seen leaving her son with the two girls, Laura and Judy. These two additions to the household, just make the household more crazy and fun. Though Family Matters is an African American family you do not subconsciously realize it because they are so similar to what a European American family is like. This could be the media trying to appeal to a wider audience. The differences in African American and European American are not really touched upon in this show. There are very few stereotypes that are seen in Family Matters about African Americans. So does this show actually portray a typical African American family? I do not know, because most of my exposure to African American families is from the media. This is the problem with cultivation we often make assumptions based on what the media tells us and we do not have any way to know if they correct or not. Communication is key in both families. Many problems arise and it is shown that they only way to solve it is to confront the person and talk it out. The mothers are much more direct in their communication and the fathers are more easy going and joking in their communication. A family is a system; everyone must work together because â€Å"all parts are interrelated† (Wood, 2004 p. 163). The Winslow’s and the Taylor’s are a group that is always trying to organize themselves and work together. The Winslow’s had to make adjustments when Rachel and Richie moved in and then again when Estelle moved in. â€Å"If you change any part of a system, you change the entire system† (Wood, 2004 p. 163). Roles were changed, Harriet didn’t have to make dinner every night, the children could be watched by their aunt and grandmother, many aspects were changed. This idea of interrelated parts is from interactional theory. Historically, television has tried to promote a customary family model. A family that includes intelligent parents, well behaved children, with little conflict arising. Television has evolved over the years and has learned to make shows more realistic. Family Matters tries to portray a typical African American family with good morals and life lessons to be taught. Home Improvement is an average European American family with a sports and tool crazy father strong mother, and three healthy boys. In both shows there are conflicts and problems, but it is shown that with good communication and being open anything can be solved. The media has cultivated people’s attitudes to believe that this is what family life is like and sometimes it is like the lives of the Winslow’s and Taylor’s, but other times life’s problems are not easily solved. The shows are a good form of entertainment and they do offer a representation of what family life is like, but that is about it. You should not expect your life to be as easy and simple as these two families, but you can expect it to be just as fun.

Grendel By John Gardner Essay -- essays research papers

Grendel lives in a dark and gruesome underground cave with his mother and dozens of cold, unmoving creatures. He is very curious and, in his early years, finds a way to escape this terrible place and enter the world. Every night he wanders outside his cave, exploring the land around him. One night, he gets trapped in a tree. A band of human beings led by King Hrothgar approaches and, after some hesitation, attacks Grendel. They close in for the kill, but Grendel's mother arrives just in time to save him. Years after his encounter with Grendel, Hrothgar's power and influence grow until he rules an immense territory. He builds a glorious meadhall, the greatest in the land, and names it Herot. He builds roads to connect his kingdom and hires an immensely gifted Harper to play at special occasions. Grendel is fascinated by the Harper's music and tries to join the humans, but he is attacked by the frightened guards and must flee. Feeling lonely and rejected, he visits an ancient dragon that lives within the kingdom. The dragon speaks for some time, and his wicked, tired cynicism infects Grendel. He puts a charm on the young monster, making him impervious to human blades. After this, Grendel becomes a creature of pure destruction. At the onset of each subsequent spring, Grendel carries out several raids on Hrothgar's meadhall. He is very careful about this, leaving just enough men behind to rebuild and grow for the next spring. Several years after he builds his meadhall, Hrothgar ...

Occupational Outlook Handbook Essay

Click and drag to select the assignment questions below. Then press CTRL C to copy, or right-click the text and then click Copy. In a word processing program such as Notepad or Microsoft Word, open a new blank file. Then press CTRL V to paste, or right-click the blank area and then click Paste. The assignment questions will appear. Save the file in your course folder, and name it with Assignment, the section number, and your first initial and last name. For example, Jessie Robinsons assignment 1R for Section 1 would be named Assignment1JRobinson. Type the answers to the assignments questions. Use complete sentences unless the question says otherwise. You will have more than one day to complete an assignment. At the end of each day, be sure to save your progress. Review Lesson 4 of the Course Overview for instructions about turning in your assignments. Assignment 7 Careers (25.0 points) 1. Describe at least three specific individual differences that may give you an advantage in the wo rkplace. (1-3 sentences. 1.5 points) Diversity, rapid innovation, and productivity 2. Choose an industry you might be interested in working in, and explain why this industry interests you. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) I would like to work in the music industry because I cant go a day without listening to music, it motivates me. 3. Describe at least two methods you would use to identify job opportunities if you were looking for a job. Explain why you would use these methods. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) Use the internet, go to agencies, go to union hiring halls 4. Choose a career from the following list financial planner, financial analyst, accountant, risk manager, cash manager, treasurer, CFO, and comptroller. Use the Internet to find information about this career, and answer the questions below. TIP The U.S. Occupational Outlook Handbook ( HYPERLINK http//www.bls.gov/oco/ http//www.bls.gov/oco/) may be a good source for this information. a. What is the name of this career (0.5 points) Financial planner b. Describe at least two tasks a person with this career might perform. (1-2 sentences. 1.0 points) They would have to do a lot of math and good at planning c. What level of education is this career likely to require (0.5 points) Degree in finance, business, or accounting 5. Choose another career from the following list financial planner, financial analyst, accountant, risk manager, cash manager, treasurer, CFO, and comptroller. Use the Internet to find information about this career, and answer the questions below. TIP The U.S. Occupational Outlook Handbook (HYPERLINK http//www.bls.gov/oco/ http//www.bls.gov/oco/) may be a good source for this information. a. What is the name of the career you chose (0.5 points) b. Describe at least two tasks a person with this career might perform. (1-2 sentences. 1.0 points) c. What level of education is this career likely to require (0.5 points) 6. Choose another career that you are interested in. This does not need to be a career in the finance indu stry. Use the Internet to find information about this career, and answer the questions below. a. What is the name of the career you chose (0.5 points) b. Describe at least two tasks a person with this career might perform. (1-2 sentences. 1.0 points) c. What level of education is this career likely to require (0.5 points) d. Why does this career interest you (1-3 sentences. 2.0 points) 7. Choose another career that you are interested in. This does not need to be a career in the finance industry. Use the Internet to find information about this career, and answer the questions below. a. What is the name of the career you chose (0.5 points) b. Describe at least two tasks a person with this career might perform. (1-2 sentences. 1.0 points) c. What level of education is this career likely to require (0.5 points) d. Why does this career interest you (1-3 sentences. 2.0 points) 8. If you were in charge of managing a group of employees, how would you assess their job performance Describe at least two methods you would use. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) 9. Describe a time when you or someone you know conformed to the behavior of others. Why do you think this person chose to conform (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) 10. Describe a time when you or someone you know chose not to conform to the behavior of others. Why do you think this person chose not to conform (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) 11. Describe a time when you have worked with a group of people, such as with students for a school project, with coworkers at a job, or with family members to complete a chore. Describe the dynamics of the group, and then describe at least one way the group dynamics could have been improved. (3-6 sentences. 3.0 points) 12. Describe a real or made up but realistic example of a misunderstanding that occurred because of unclear written or verbal communication. How could this misunderstanding have been avoided (3-6 sentences. 2.5 points)

Friedrich Engels and histor Essay

If one is not historical, then it is unscientific. The historical process that has commenced for millennia in the development of societies is a product of scientific processes and vice versa. Friedrich Engels has greatly contributed to the exposition of historical dynamics, one that is ever changing, in constant contradiction with the forces within and without. As it has been definitely asserted, historical materialism, as a part of a dialectic philosophy is not just narrowly limited to a â€Å"study† but it is a scientific process wherein events were investigated, researched, a hypothesis is derived and tested or compared if that assertion applies to universal condition. History thereof is a result of contradictions, a making of man, not just simply a compilation of events that transpired in the past. Only in such a way can history become a science. Thus, a truly revolutionary of his time, Engels presented history according to the material basis of the existence of societies, discussed the evolution of such societies as subsequent effects of the past, constantly playing interconnected, interwoven stories, which without the other is simply incomplete, unscientific. Here he illustrated the formation of history as a result of humanity’s struggle to attain its aims, therefore its own creation, its own being. Engels’ history does not consider man simply a being with presupposed actions, knowledge or decisions, man is a becoming, moulds the society that he belongs to, inseparably intertwined with the progress of the economy, his propensity to survive, to all other aspects of social existence. Certainly, Engels’ life is no different from the society he intended to explain. What has moulded him to become such a great influence in socio-economic paradigms and in the formulation of Marxism surely has a basis in his past, interconnected with his identity, with everything that has gone through his age, internal and external, positive and negative. His own being a laboratory of man as a â€Å"becoming† and of contradictions where which a new form from the antagonisms of the old is drawn. Hence, his life and works were a result of scientific processes, a fruit of the reactions among the material conditions that he was exposed to, a synthesis of numerous theses and anti-theses. Facts and figures are simply not what history is. Facts and figures say something but not substantially anything. History is a correlation and interrelationships between and among facts and figures without finding those connections are mere ink and paper –insignificant. Hitherto, Engels’ works remains to be of great influence in the struggles of oppressed peoples and of the international proletariat. This came into reality because Engels’ works were connected to the material foundations of human existence, ideas and theories that are not alienated: theories that can be felt, ideas that are tangible and inseparable from the activities of societies. As it was, matter precedes consciousness; Engels’ historical and philosophical analysis did not surface out of mere conception of abstract economic and historical fables, but were a result of the effects of the economic and social conditions existing at that time; societies came into reality first and from those realities a consciousness was obtained enabling Engels to scientifically analyze the future of societies based on the reasons that has caused past societies to progress into what they are at present. Engels biography is a display of such scientific course. His early life has been the origin why he came about with his voluminous works on history, implications brought by the facts how he was raised and intended of him to become, his experiences, and his direct contact with the production process and later in complete absorption to the revolutionary struggle in the industrial West. Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Prussia to a family of bourgeois origins in September 28, 1820, time when Europe was at the height of the development of the industrial era and wars of conquest for the accumulation of market, labour and resources for the bourgeois economy. It was a time of rapid changes ensuing on all borders, expansion of industrial interests was grappling Europe and colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were continuously ransacked while the European continent was in a constant scrabble of migration from different nations in search of industrial work. Indeed an era of accumulation of wealth and technological advances to improve productivity . His nascent years have been vital for the development of his future philosophical pursuit. In his poem â€Å"To My Grandfather†, written December 20, 1833, Friedrich has shown his early acquaintances in history through stories in the Greek mythology which he described as â€Å"many a beautiful story† that his grandfather told him . Another untitled poem written 3 years after described characters in stories from all over Europe seen by young Friedrich as â€Å"pictures to delight† . He was an observer and the environment drew much attention from him. Once he wrote about the conditions in Wuppertal, one of his first attempts to explain the seemingly complicated miseries of the working class , that even the columns of a building and the style of architecture did not escape his watch. It was the beginning of his acquisition of his most powerful weapon in his revolutionary battle, the excellence in textual conveyance. Not only was it a peek to his future history inclinations but also his superb literary talent that has greatly manifested in his works. His father, a German textile mill owner wanted him to become an industrialist too like himself. Though, the environment in which Friedrich Engels lived was full of stark contradictions, external factors which greatly affected his inner resolve, so that a strained relationship developed between them. A supporter of the Prussian government, Friedrich’s father held conservative views in politics and religion which could be attributed to his Protestant Pietist devotion that he entered Friedrich in local Pietist schools, indoctrinating him of narrow fundamentalist views of society that were never acceptable to his broad interests. He was then sent to Bremen, a German port city, before he finished his high school studies to work as a clerk, and there he exhibited despise to autocracy and religion, enjoyed life at its fullest and studied literature, philosophy, theology and history . The democratic struggles gaining political momentum at that time was under a literary movement drawn Engels to participate under a pen name Friedrich Oswald. His first work, a poem titled â€Å"The Bedouin † was published in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. In September 1838 and many other literary works and commentaries proceeded thereafter. When he moved to Berlin to join the Household Artillery of the Prussian Army, he already had attractions to the Young Hegelians . His contact with the radical group proved to be vital in Engels’ future philosophical treatises. Hegelian philosophy maintained an idealist core with the dialectic claims that everything, after they had come into being, will ultimately wither away, a constant reminder of change and development inherent in everything therein. Though Hegelian dialectics maintained that thought precedes matter, it still had some followers who were radicalized and reached the point of concluding that even the Prussian state and religion will pass. The most revolutionary of them, however, deviated from Hegel’s â€Å"consciousness precedes matter† and inclined towards materialism. These revolutionaries, among them the 22 year-old Friedrich Engels, asserted that it is the other way around based on Ludwig Feuerbach’s rejection of Hegelian idealism and turned the tables for materialism. He would later publish a pamphlet hailing Feuerbach’s â€Å"The Essence of Christianity† in 1841. The pamphlet echoed Feuerbach’s materialist basis of societal thought and finally debunked theological monopoly of reflection with a â€Å"pulverizing† blow, but later Feuerbach’s materialism would be wedded with Hegelian dialectics . There he was an active radical, wrote articles for the democratic movement while attending lectures at Berlin University with his military service all at the same time. Before he would be sent to England, Engels, travelled to Cologne to meet Moses Hess, the first Hegelian who called himself a communist and the man behind Rheinische Zeitung –a radical daily newspaper. It was possibly in this acquaintance that Engels was influenced with utopian socialism and his travel to England would be decisive in starting a proletarian revolution in the most advanced industrial nation . His experience in Manchester, England in his father’s factory from 1842 opened his eyes to the realities of the working class which he stated in his Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, his first book bourn out of his observations in his father’s firm. In his English travel desertion, Engels have had certain exchanges with other workers’ organizations, radical, utopian socialists and Chartists and wrote for Robert Owens’ Utopian socialist paper, the â€Å"New Moral Order† . Only on his way to Barmen did he meet Karl Marx, his lifelong revolutionary collaborator. They first met in Cologne in 1842 and Karl Marx was an editor in the Rheinische Zeitung but took no time to explore their philosophical similarities. That friendship would last for about four decades. Together, Marx and Engels paved the way for the synthesis of Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism and Scientific Socialism among many other works that were to become the foundations of the proletarian movement. Engels could never be considered as Marx’s side kick as others would usually portray him, nor must he be treated as above Mar’s intellect on many philosophical questions. Often they would consult each other on certain points of argumentation and Engels recognized Marx’s excellence and at the same manner, Engels displayed his virtuoso in historical and literary fields. They were, in the truest sense, partners in their lifelong struggle for the liberation of the working class. What Engels had become could be ascribed to the people who had played certain parts in his â€Å"becoming†. His grandfather introduced him to the world of history and literature, his father pounced on him that he would later hate everything that his father believed, Hegel on his dialectics (though Engels had broken away from the idealist sector), Feuerbach presented the materialist view for his and Marx’s philosophical synthesis of the Dialectical Materialism and the millions of the workers’ masses that have borne the weight of the whole capitalist production system were, presumably, the greatest influences on Engels’ philosophy. Thus cementing that Engels was really a man that is a â€Å"becoming†. An accumulation of experiences, observations and contact with nature was the reason for having such philosophical standpoint . Engels’ philosophical background could be that of a German philosophy that could be traced from Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel. Though Engels or Marx did not have any â€Å"original† philosophical theories, it is precisely the justification on what was commented on the Critique on Feuerbach that theirs was a philosophy that aimed direct to the point of changing the existing order in the world not just explain it. On many occasions, Engels has directly found the connection of matter and thought, of historical events that are quite apart in ages but were systematically an integral part of the totality of human history. Friedrich Engels’ first book was the Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, written when he was in Manchester England. On its preface, Engels explicitly stated the conditions of the working class at that particular time based on his direct acquaintances with the proletariat or twenty-one months, straight from his observations. These observations were directed for the German proletariat so intense their conditions that Engels wished to know the root causes of their misery . In his dedication to the British proletariat, Engels can be seen as a true revolutionary, never satisfied with documents, it was a close contact, an integration among the masses of British workers that has propelled his understanding of the conditions of the working class. It was on the streets, in the alleys, in the working places that true understanding can be derived. The whole of Manchester turned into a laboratory of revolution . Manchester in 1844 is the centre of the Industrial Revolution which he observed, made the conditions of the workers worse. Huge industrial cities such as Manchester and Liverpool had disease occurrences four times grater than in the countryside. Before mills were introduced in England, more than four thousand out of ten thousand children die of whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles, and smallpox and an addition of another three hundred after. While adult mortality numbered to a thousand out of ten thousand and another two hundred added to the previous respectively. In one of his contributed article to the New Moral World Engels concluded that this condition must soon be ended with a revolution that would rearrange the social order existing at that time in three countries in Europe (England, France and Germany) as there is a fast spread of suffering among the working men in the continent. There were existing socialist and communist movements in many parts of Europe, half a million communists in France alone, with some differences in minor points in principle but again, Engels asserted that the proletarian class has the power to rise and become masters of their own, enjoy the fruits of their own labour only if these communists would be united –that would later be named as â€Å"proletarian internationalism† – costing most of Eastern Europe after the Second World War, a little more than a hundred years, with the USSR’s campaign of socialist annexation . Engels described the state of the capitalist system in England, being the most advanced at that time. In the book’s 1892 preface, 52 years since it was first published, the author noted that the rising industrial nations such as France, Germany and America and starting to break Britain’s â€Å"industrial monopoly† and finally reached what has England reached in 1844 and the effects were not different. Same economic laws apply and the fight of English workers five decades ago is happening in the country. It is after all still a bourgeois mode of production, the same tendencies, characteristics and social classes and antagonism still exist. Such was what he had predicted in his first edition and, scientifically, it was indeed the same characteristic of the capitalist economy regardless of nations and cultures. The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 mirrored the condition of the working class not only in certain time frame but through the times as long as capitalism exists in a more or less varied intensity. Further expounding on the roots of the proletariat’s miserable place in the relations of production, Lenin commented that Engels was not the first to say that the working class is suffering from the ills of the capitalist mode of appropriation and expropriation, but it was Engels who said that the working class is being pushed to the very edges so that the proletariat had been left with no choice but to fight back and destroy the bonds of slavery. A power, so much moving this line had exuded that after seven decades Russian proletariat had risen to create the first proletarian state. In 1847, Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian anarchist was banned from Paris because of calling for the over of the Polish and Russian governments. Bakunin was one of the many revolutionaries that appearing in Europe. A revolutionary high tide is sweeping all over the continent and the great masses of workers are looking for the lead in the revolutionary struggle. Such was the condition when Engels wrote â€Å"The Principles of Communism† in 1847, a year before the Communist Manifesto was published. There was, however an earlier composition for the Communist League. In June of that year, the founding event of the Communist League, the Congress of the Just, the Principles of Communism was written to serve as a draft for a statement to be embraced by the proletarian revolutionary movement, the Communist Manifesto . The International Workingmen’s Association formed in 1864 was actively participated by Engels, and later joined Marx in the General Council in 1870, two after the IWA was organized. Historically, the IWA had a huge part in the uprising in Paris in 1871: the Paris Commune. In this event Engels’ writings defeated Bakunin’s Alliance for Social Democracy. IWA was considered to be the first International, and after the Paris Commune was quelled, after the commune died, Engels guided the formations of many socialist parties in Europe, especially in Germany which has been the movement that the whole European communist movement looked upon as bearer of the great socialist revolution. It was here that the term â€Å"manufacture†, denoting production by hand was conceived by Engels, such was to differentiate â€Å"production by hand† from production using a machine. This scheme was decisive in future historical annotations for the transition from guilds to factories of the primitive capitalist model. It is best too clarify that Marxist literature considers, based on historical materialism, that world history has not grown uniformly, some have advanced to capitalism, other nations remain in the feudal stage, and certain communities were even at the stage of primitive communalism. In the year 1884, Engels wrote â€Å"The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. It was this document that really showed Engels’ distinction in history. He wrote this manuscript in just two months to continue what Marx would have wanted him to do – a treatise on the evolution of the State. This book covers the history of many nations, the emergence of private property and classes, and the state and ultimately how this state would perish, mush like Hegelian concept on the dialectical process of societies. Engels’ works were immensely influenced by Hegelian thought, especially evident in his â€Å"Origin of the Family†¦ † which was a complete narration of the scientific evolution of the societies, brought about by the contradictions that were constantly the cause of development, of ending an old social order and beginning anew. Aside from that, Engels life as a revolutionary and his works were also influenced by Moses Hess’s utopian socialist ideas, which, together with Karl Marx, they arrived into concluding that the future of capitalism is a scientific socialism and the establishment of the proletarian state. He also viewed the economy as the social foundation that it gives rise to the conception of the state, and that material foundation is the essential ingredient of the thought or way of thinking that would be dominant in the society. It was the very core of the materialist belief that matter precedes consciousness. Which takes us to think that a worker can not have a consciousness of a proletariat if the society has not reached the stage of capitalism, because in the first place, a condition does not exist that would permit a capitalist relation of production (wage labour). Through his life, Engels never believed in marriage pointing out that the natural order of reproduction is not bound by the exclusivity of a woman to a single man. That only came into being when the concept of private property had materialized, so as women. Women held a high place in the primitive societies since they were the only means that tribes and communities would survive was only through continued human reproduction . Engels’ works were referred to by the revolutionary movement especially on the philosophical discourses on dialectics, historical materialism and some of his economic formulations. These influenced leaders of different socialist parties in Europe and around the globe. In autumn of 1985, the leader of the Russian proletarian socialist revolution, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin wrote about Engels saying that he was a great teacher of the world’s working class, and his life must be known to every workingman. Lenin further states that Engels did not let his bourgeois status to stop him from serving the cause of the revolution, study of philosophy and science and politics. The article published in Rabotnik, clarified certain principles in Engels’ philosophy, and asserted that although Engels followed Hegelian dialectics, he was nevertheless not an idealist but one who firmly believes in materialism. Engels, said Lenin, used scientific methods in answering the economic questions of the time. It also gave an insight into Engels political history that being said, Engels was a democrat before he became a socialist. Thus Engels taught that the liberation of the working class is in the hands of the working class. Lenin after 22 years would lead the Russian working class to a socialist victory, fulfilling Engels’ vision of a socialist state won by the proletarian themselves. Later in 1920, three years after the Russian socialist revolution had been won, a document was published showing that Lenin would again comment on Engels through â€Å"The Marx-Engels Correspondence† which he wrote in 1913. The letters contained many of the theoretical foundations of socialism, masterfully fighting through the ins and outs of the political struggle in Europe. It was an exposition of the revisionist renegades attempt to mislead the great masses of the proletariat to capitulate in the bourgeois political system. Through these letters, as Lenin pronounced, the socialist movement was kept in the right track. The tasks of the proletarian revolutionary were outlined to serve as a guide for many socialist parties that were waging underground warfare against their governments. The dialectical course of history was reaffirmed and from that principle, Russian revolution had drawn much of Engels’ guidance in the theoretical as well as in the practical recourse of the revolution. Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese revolution from the 1920’s until after the Second World War had been a staunch Engels follower through his works with Marx. Chairman Mao had quoted the communist manifesto, stressing on the point that without the theories that Marx and Engels developed, the revolution will have no guide. Revolutionary theory as Mao had said would give the people a direction in waging a war for national liberation, to assure that there would be no resurgence of bourgeois state in liberated nations and ensure that new democratic revolutions will continue to the socialist stage . Again Mao on his article on Women, Engels was often quoted because of his contributions in the study of the status of women in the society, through his book â€Å"the Origin of the Family, Private Property and State†. The study of the women was a big issue in the Chinese revolution. China was then waging a war against traditions that existed for thousands of years that was the feudal relationships between husbands and wives, elderly and the young in Chinese culture. Engels’ views on the question of the equality of the sexes in the primitive communal stage of societies shed light on the history of the struggle of women. Women suffer exploitation twice. A female worker is exploited because she is a worker and she is a woman. She does not only suffer from capitalist exploitation but also from male domination. However, the struggle for women’s liberation is not a struggle against the opposite sex, but a struggle based on the economic class . Friedrich Engels was said to be the builder of socialist thought, the International Review issue no. 83 on the 4th quarter of 1995 stated that Engels had been persistent in his revolutionary career, truly of German tradition. Owing much to his perception of the workers’ movements tendencies and strengths that in the article his first book published was the book used by many revolutionaries through the years of struggle all over the world, from Russia to China. Thus Engels was a man defined by his becoming. Through his life, from the time he was born till the day he died, Europe was in the middle of an economic advancement, it was also a period of political changes. In the middle of those political and economic current, Friedrich Engels stood to face the challenges of his time. The blowing winds of free thought have set his mind to open to new ideas, seemingly the emergence of radical movements were just on the right time. When he became a part of the Young Hegelians, his philosophical inclinations were further developed. If we would look at this through an idealist perspective, it would be possible that Engels life had the right coincidences: Marx was born on the same era; the proletarian movement was on its fiery start. However, dialectically, the course of history would be just the same, it could have not been Engels, it could have not been Marx but still the truth of the development of societies will be there because it is science. History is a making of humanity not just one man, thus independent of anyone’s identity yet it identifies with everyone. It is the reality. Through Engels’ writing Marx was able to find himself a competent partner in his revolutionary theorization. Together they had formulated the socialist philosophy that soon changed the course of the modern society. Engels contributed much to humanity’s understanding of history, complete and thorough interpretation of the events, explained the mysteries that bind each and every event from the beginning of human civilization. History was view on another angle, from the toiling masses, thus, breaking the monopoly of the establishment’s monopoly of truth. Hitherto, societies were seen as dynamic, changing every second, quantitatively and qualitatively –change that was internally caused by those who are within the system, not by something that is detached, alienated, or abstract. Material basis was always at the fore of historical explanations. Engels’ historical insights gave the ruled power over the ruler, the oppressed over the oppressor. In time, the order of things will be changed, asserts Engels, which change will never end. History had become an integral part of the future, not confined to the records of the olden times; it has passed yet continues to take part in molding the future of societies. Without Engels history would still continue and take its path as we have it today. Without Engels to help Marx, the society will still change. Therefore, Engels did have a contribution to humanity’s history. Through his writings, Lenin foresaw the First World War as an imperialist war took advantage of it and made the revolution at home victorious. With the victory of the Russian proletariat, the course of struggles around the world suddenly changed course and had a farther perspective. Not only did these liberation movements aimed to free their nations from foreign domination but had decided to free them from the slavery brought about by the conception of private property. Movements did not only strive to destroy the existing political order perpetuated by tyrants, they had sought to destroy the economic foundation of tyranny. In the country from where he came from, Engels, too, caused much change. He became one of the contributors to the German philosophy, became an inspiration to German revolutionaries and paved the way for the advancement of the German proletariat. As Germany was inseparable from the conditions that what existing in Europe at that time, it too had been reached by the socialist movement that after the Second World War, Germany was divided into two. East Germany had a socialist economy and the, capitalist. Engels had his great deal of share in the development of Marxism and socialism. He was the brain behind the Communist manifesto and Historical Materialism. His studies in the field of history enlightened Marxists and revolutionaries in the course of the inevitable changes in the society. Bibliography (Section 1) Kenwood A. G. and A. L. Lougheed. The Growth of the International Economy 1820-2000: An Introductory Text. London: Routledge, 1999. Carver, Terrell. Engels. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003. Engels, Friedrich. â€Å"Bedouin. † Young Engels, Marx & Engels Internet Archive. Available from www. marxist. org. Engels, Friedrich. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. New York: Pathfinder Press, 2000.

Spelling Tips -Cede, -Ceed or -Sede

Spelling Tips -Cede, -Ceed or -Sede Spelling Tips: -Cede, -Ceed, or -Sede? When used at the end of a word, â€Å"-cede,† â€Å"-ceed† and â€Å"-sede† sound exactly the same. Unfortunately, this makes it easy to spell words with one of these letter groups incorrectly. To make sure your writing is always error free, then, check out our guide to â€Å"-cede,† â€Å"-ceed† and â€Å"-sede† words below. Words Ending in -Cede The most common word ending of those discussed here is â€Å"-cede.† It is used at the end of many words, such as: Accede Concede Intercede Precede Recede Secede   These are all verbs, some of which still reflect the old Latin word cedere, which meant â€Å"yield to.† To â€Å"concede† something, for example, is to admit something that you had initially denied, and to â€Å"recede† is to move back to a prevision position. In fact, â€Å"cede† by itself still means â€Å"give up.† Words Ending in -Ceed There are three common verbs in English that end with â€Å"-ceed.† These are used as follows: â€Å"Exceed† means to go beyond or surpass something. â€Å"Proceed† typically means to move forward or go ahead with something. â€Å"Succeed† can mean to either come next in a sequence or triumph. With most other words that make a â€Å"seed† sound at the end, you’ll need to use â€Å"-cede† instead. Words Ending in -Sede We’ve scratched out the â€Å"s† above because â€Å"supersede† is the only word that ends with â€Å"-sede† in English. It means â€Å"to replace or succeed,† especially when something new makes something old redundant. For example, if a new computer is more powerful than older ones, we might say: This model has superseded all past home computers. â€Å"Supersede† is often misspelled as â€Å"supercede,† so it is worth keeping the word ending in mind. Summary: -Cede, -Ceed or -Sede? Since â€Å"-cede,† â€Å"-ceed,† and â€Å"-sede† sound the same, you need to be careful with words that end in these letter groups: There are several words that end in â€Å"-cede,† including â€Å"recede† and â€Å"concede.† We also use â€Å"cede† by itself to mean â€Å"give up† or â€Å"yield to.† The three common words that end with â€Å"-ceed† are â€Å"exceed,† â€Å"proceed,† and â€Å"succeed.† The only word in English that ends in â€Å"-sede† is â€Å"supersede.† If you’d like someone to check the spelling in your writing, get in touch today.

Caribbean History

History of the Caribbean I. Note on Historical Methodology: The traditional method of historical research includes chronologically ordered processes. For example, the history of the New World or in particular the history of the Caribbean seems to have started in 1492 when Columbus mistakenly landed on Hispanola. Shortly after the discovery of the New World, colonialism appeared in North and South America in Europe. A summary version of Europe's influence in the New World over the past decades is a general historical record of the early Caribbean history. The concept of slavery, colonialism, race is an indelible aspect of the history of the Caribbean. In order to understand the current political, social, economic and cultural climate of the Caribbean, we must critically study and understand the influence of slavery in the modern Caribbean society. The model and complexity of the modern Caribbean society is closely related to the colonial planting system. And it welcomes the arrival of the largest immigrants in history. The history of contemporary America actually starts with the modern history of the Caribbean Sea. Beginning in the late 15th century when the Europeans entered the so-called New World, the Caribbean played the most important role in the development of events that would then shake the foundation of the whole world. The African, European and Caribbean indigenous gatherings are one of the most interesting and important aspects of world history. In this area, people can feel the worst aspect of inhumanity, which is in line with the story of human spiritual survival and victory. The history of the Caribbean is like a drama, it is a continuous legend of various wars, conquer various kinds, and most important is to resist. Caribbean is basically a series of short stories including several selected characters, covering the six hundred years of Caribbean history. CARIBBEAN combines facts and fiction, fusing unparalleled Michelle fashion style, from conflic t between peaceful Arawaks and thirsty Caribbean to the rapid development of contemporary Miami and the Cuban community . On this tour, readers will introduce Sir Francis Drake, Henry Morgan, Horatio Nelson, blood-hungry Victor Hughes, Heroes Toussaint Rouver Toure, Thomas Carlyle, and Fidel Kas. Throwing, others. Mixed with these historical figures represents countless men and women who created modern heaven such as British, Spanish, French naval officers and generals, sugar producers, colonial officers, slaves, etc. It is a fictitious character. , Its descendants, and various ethnic groups that contribute to the unique genetic mixing of the area

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Humanities - Essay Example Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1 Humanities - Essay Example Today, Haitian culture is a mix of African and European influence. Since a culture or society can roughly be called a larger representation of the family unit as it is thought of within the society, looking at family structures and social factors in Haiti can also show one of the most important areas of influence on artistic and cultural factors. In Africa, family ties were binding and not exclusive, and the idea of the extended family was important because all of the members worked together to help each other as much as As mentioned, art and culture in any nation can be traced back to history, but family structures and social structures are a keen part of this history. Like in Africa, in Haiti "In rural areas, the extended family has traditionally been the social unit" (Haiti, 2006). The importance of extended family is necessary to keep society together through a code of familiarity and support, and as the economy in rural Haiti is similar, this pattern has stayed the same after the Diaspora that brought Africans to Haiti. During this time, extended families stay together in close relationships of agreement, sustaining each other and the economy. There is not the spirit of one generation disagreeing with another generation with which we are familiar in the U.S., leading to art and culture that is often clashing: instead, there is cross-generational respect. In Haiti, families are built on almost unquestioning piety and are not represented by "the nuclear" but by extension. This is the extended fam ily concept, which can also be extended into the arts of the nation. There is a lot of art to look at in Haiti as well, and there is a thriving art scene currently that is based on Haiti's social, familial, political, and cultural histories. There are many representative styles that are both unique and derivative, from more historical styles to the abovementioned modernist abstract collages of Basquiat. The concerns of the society are shown through artists' work, and there are also cultural influences and mixes that are part of Haitian history and society which are then infused into the art produced by society. Therefore when visiting Haiti, it is also important to see the arts and crafts of the people, so that one can make the correlations between the culture itself, and the art that is produced from the true resource of a nation: its human beings. "While Haitian art may lack polish, it makes up for it with a deep and engaging representation of humanity. The Haitian artist finds holiness in the ordinary subjects of everyday life. Simple, soulful ima ges are found in Haitian art. It is this soulfulness that attracts so many to admire and collect this remarkable art." (Flavors, 2007). The cultural and social traditions and mixes of influence can also be seen in this art, which varies according to the individual. Since Haiti was one of the first Caribbean nations to declare independence, it has been relatively free, in comparison to many of its neighbors, of the colonial cultural control (also known in some circles as

Land remediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Land remediation - Essay Example Spills and leakages occur in all these situations and cause contamination of soil and ground water. Authors Malawska and Wiokomirski confirmed high presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals (like Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Co, Cr, and Mo) in railway sidings in Poland (Malawska M & Wiokomirski B, 2001). Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC) are the other common contaminants resulting from the use of hydrocarbons. The specified site condition indicates sandy soil to a significant depth and water table at relatively shallow depth of 3.2m. Thus we can expect the highly permeable sandy soil and ground water to be contaminated with PAH, heavy metals and VOC. industrial sheds for production and storage, network of roads for movement of people and materials, utility services for power and water supply, common effluent treatment plant etc., among other things. A large number of people work in such areas for long hours and are exposed to pollution that is present in air, water and soil. While the industrial sheds may be constructed with impermeable floors per se, such is not the case with the open spaces of an industrial estate that may be used as storage areas, common areas, landscaping and gardening, for roads / utility lines etc. Hence land remediation is necessary. Options available for remediation in this situation are soil vapor extraction (SVE) technique and land refill. Land refill would involve extensive excavation and removal of the contaminated soil and refilling. This is a very expensive operation, especially in view of the presence of contaminated ground water at shallow depths, which in any case needs to be cleaned up before use. Finding a suitable place for the extracted soil will also be an issue. Soil vapor extraction involves vaporizing and extracting the volatile